| A |
Surface area [m²] (meter²) |
α |
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) [K-¹] (1/kelvin) |
C |
Capacitance (F) [A s / V] |
dij |
Piezo modulus (tensor components) [m/V] (meter/volt) |
ds |
Distance, thickness [m] (meter) |
Є |
Dielectric constant [A s/V m] (ampere second volt meter) |
E |
Electric field strength [V/m] (volt/meter) |
f |
Operating frequency [Hz] (hertz = 1/second) |
F |
Force [N] (newton) |
f0 |
Unloaded resonant frequency [Hz] (hertz = 1/second) |
g |
Acceleration due to gravity: 9.81 m/s² (meter/second²) |
i |
Current [A] (ampere) |
kS |
Stiffness of restraint (load) [N/m] (newton/meter) |
kT |
Stiffness of piezo actuator [N/m] (newton/meter) |
L0 |
Length of non-energized actuator [m] (meter) |
∆L |
Change in length (displacement) [m] (meter) |
∆L0 |
Nominal displacement with zero applied force, [m] (meter) |
∆Lt=0.1 |
Displacement at time t = 0.1 sec after voltage change, [m] (meter) |
m |
Mass [kg] (kilogram) |
P |
Power [W] (watt) |
Q |
Charge [C] (coulomb = ampere x second) |
S |
Strain [L/L] (dimensionless) |
t |
Time [s] (second) |
U |
voltage [V] (volt) |
Up-p |
Peak-to-peak voltage [V] (volt) |
